Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition in which the ingestion of gluten causes damage to the small intestine in genetically predisposed individuals. Gluten is a protein which is found in wheat, barley, and rye. Many popular foods and beverages contain these substances thereby making nutritional choices a chore for celiac patients. It is estimated that this condition affects one out of every 100 patients worldwide. Women and Caucasians are more commonly afflicted.
Celiac disease can present with a multitude of complaints which may vary in intensity including no symptoms at all. Common complaints include:
- Abdominal pain and bloating.
- Diarrhea.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Rashes.
- Fatigue/malaise.
- Unexplained weight loss.
In children, other signs and symptoms include:
- Failure to thrive.
- Small stature.
- Dental deformities.
- Delayed puberty.
One of the long-term effects of celiac disease is malnutrition where the body fails to absorb important nutrients. This can lead to anemia, osteoporosis, neurologic problems, and infertility. The diagnosis of celiac disease can easily be missed and can mimic other conditions such as lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. As this condition is an autoimmune disease, patients suffering from celiac disease may also have problems with their thyroid, liver, and even type 1 diabetes. On an interesting note, patients with celiac disease often have difficulty with immunization to hepatitis B vaccine.
Diagnosis can be made through blood work and a biopsy of the small intestine through a procedure called an EGD, where a gastroenterologist passes a scope with a small camera through the esophagus and stomach into the area of concern. In some cases, genetic testing can be useful.
Treatment of celiac disease is based on avoidance of gluten in the diet. You will need to read labels and realize that this may require the help of a nutritionist. The usage of dietary supplements may be necessary to improve nutrient absorption. In some cases, your doctor may need to add medications to reduce inflammation. One of the most common reasons of dietary failure in celiac is unknowing ingestion of gluten. Gluten can be found in supplements, medications, and even cosmetic/hygienic products. The good news is, now more than ever, there are many gluten-free options out there for patients.
If you experience any of the symptoms of celiac disease, don’t hesitate to get to your doctor. The sooner you know and begin treatment, the more likely you will prevent significant intestinal damage.