Nearly every person has suffered a headache at one time in their life. For 90 percent of the 36 million people in the United States who are migraine sufferers, that head pain can be so debilitating that it disrupts the ability to work or go to school, care for families or enjoy social activities.
A migraine is a severe and incapacitating headache, lasting from three hours to three days. These headaches are often accompanied by nausea or vomiting, and sensitivity to lights, sounds and/or smells. Sufferers may experience an “aura” preceding their migraine, which is a visual change (bright spots, zigzags, or kaleidoscope-type scintillations), numbness and tingling, or sudden inability to speak. Migraines can be genetic and often manifest in childhood or young adulthood.
Migraines are extremely common, affecting about 15 percent of the world’s population. Each person experiences migraines differently. Whereas some may have rare migraines, others may have chronic, unrelenting headaches. The severity of the migraine depends on genetics and the environment.
In addition to genetics, there are various environmental triggers for migraines. The most common triggers are stress and hormonal changes. Additional triggers include skipping meals, eating certain foods (such as hard cheese, chocolate and food with preservatives), dehydration, alcohol, caffeine, and weather changes. It is recommended to keep a log to track headaches in relation to possible triggers.
People who suffer from migraines can seek over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, for quick relief. For those with refractory migraines, prescribed medications are necessary. Migraine medications fall into two categories: preventive and abortive.
Preventive treatments include daily medication and are reserved for those experiencing migraines two or more times per week. This medication can be in the form of pills, nerve blocks, Botox injections and recommended vitamins or minerals.
Abortive treatments are taken to stop the immediate pain. Generally, taking abortive medications more than two days per week is not recommended, to avoid the risk of making headache worse due to medication overuse. For persistent headaches, a visit to the emergency room or a hospital admission may be necessary for stronger intravenous remedies.
There are simple lifestyle changes that can help to decrease headaches, such as drinking plenty of fluids and getting an appropriate amount of sleep. Stress management is also essential, along with meditation or talk therapy. Other healthy habits include a well rounded diet consisting of fresh fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Regular exercise is also important, and migraine patients may want to try yoga, which incorporates neck and back stretching as well as meditation.
Above all, if the headaches are new, or if there are changes in frequency, severity or quality, it is extremely important to consult with a physician. By working with your doctor you can be sure you are on the right track for headache freedom.
For more information on the Cooper Headache Program or to make an appointment for an evaluation, call the Cooper Neurological Institute (CNI) at 856.342.2034 or request an appointment online at appointments.cooperhealth.org.